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Chapter 31
MIDI Fact Sheet
In conjunction with our work on the audio engine, Ableton has spent additional effort an-
alyzing Live's MIDI timing and making improvements where necessary. We wrote this fact
sheet to help users understand the problems involved in creating a reliable and accurate
computer-based MIDI environment, and to explain Live's approach to solving these prob-
lems.
Note: the MIDI timing issues discussed in this paper are generally not applicable to users
with high-quality audio and MIDI hardware. If you have already invested time and money
into optimizing these factors in your studio, and are not experiencing problems with MIDI
timing, you probably do not need this information.
31.1 Ideal MIDI Behavior
To understand how MIDI works within a digital audio workstation (DAW), it is helpful to
introduce some common terms and concepts. A DAW must be able to accommodate three
distinct MIDI-related scenarios:
1) Recording refers to sending MIDI note and controller information from a hard-
ware device (such as a MIDI keyboard) into a DAW for storage. An ideal recording
- Welcome to Live 3
- First Steps 4
- The Info View and its 5
- Show/Hide Button 5
- 2.2 Setting up Preferences 6
- 2.3 The Main Live Screen 7
- Adjusting the Main 8
- Window Split 8
- Authorizing Live 9
- 3.1 Copy Protection FAQs 10
- Protection? 11
- Live Concepts 12
- 4.2 Arrangement and Session 13
- 4.3 Tracks 14
- 4.4 Audio and MIDI 15
- 4.5 Audio Clips and Samples 16
- 4.6 MIDI Clips and MIDI Files 17
- 4.7 Devices and the Mixer 18
- CHAPTER 4. LIVE CONCEPTS 17 19
- Plug-In Devices Are 20
- Available from the 20
- Plug-In Device Browser 20
- The Live Mixer in the 21
- Arrangement View (Left) 21
- Live's Crossfader 21
- 4.8 Presets and Racks 22
- 4.9 Routing 23
- 4.10 Recording New Clips 23
- 4.11 Automation Envelopes 24
- 4.12 Clip Envelopes 25
- 4.13 MIDI and Key Remote 26
- 4.14 Saving and Exporting 27
- 4.15 The Library 28
- CHAPTER 4. LIVE CONCEPTS 27 29
- Managing Files and Sets 30
- Library Is this 32
- Browser's Root 32
- The File Browser's 32
- Parent Folder Item 32
- A Folder in the Browser 32
- 5.1.2 Browser Bookmarks 33
- 5.1.3 Searching for Files 33
- Activating Browser 34
- Search Mode 34
- The Search Field and Go 34
- The Rescan Button 34
- Closing the Search 35
- Field 35
- ... Locates the File Last 35
- Selected Among the 35
- Search Results 35
- 5.1.4 Previewing Files 36
- The Preview Switch 37
- The Preview Volume 37
- Dropping a Clip to 38
- Create a New Track 38
- 5.1.7 Hot-Swap Mode 39
- The Hot-Swap Browser 40
- 5.2 Sample Files 41
- 5.2.2 Analysis Files (.asd) 42
- 5.2.3 File Pre-Analysis 43
- 5.2.4 Exporting Audio 43
- The Rendered Track 44
- Chooser 44
- Audio Rendering 45
- Options 45
- 5.3 MIDI Files 46
- 5.4 Live Clips 47
- 5.5 Live Sets 48
- 5.5.2 Merging Sets 49
- Unfolding a Set to 50
- Reveal its Contents 50
- Revealing the Session 50
- View Clips Contained in 50
- 5.5.4 Template Sets 51
- 5.6 Live Projects 53
- A New Project Was 55
- Added Next to Tango 55
- Project 55
- Added by Saving a Live 56
- Set Outside its Original 56
- 5.6.2 Projects and Presets 57
- 5.7 The Live Library 58
- The Change Location 60
- 5.8 Locating Missing Files 61
- 5.8.1 Manual Repair 62
- 5.8.2 Automatic Repair 62
- Automatic Repair 63
- Options in the File 63
- Manager 63
- Options for Collecting 64
- External Files 64
- 5.9.1 Collect Files on Export 65
- 5.11 Finding Unused Files 66
- 5.13 File Management FAQs 67
- Folder Structure? 69
- Arrangement View 70
- 6.1 Navigation 71
- 6.2 Transport 72
- Scrubbing Arrangement 73
- Playback 73
- Setting the Play Position 73
- Position Fields 73
- Using Locators to 74
- Launch Play in the 74
- Arrangement 74
- The Locator Controls 74
- 6.4 Time Signature Changes 75
- 6.5 The Arrangement Loop 77
- 6.6 Moving and Resizing Clips 78
- Fades in the 79
- Crossfaded Clips 80
- 6.8 Selecting Clips and Time 81
- 6.9 Using the Editing Grid 82
- A Gap Between Clips 83
- Has Been Cut by First 83
- Selecting It, Then 83
- Executing the Cut Time 83
- Command 83
- 6.11 Splitting Clips 84
- 6.12 Consolidating Clips 84
- Consolidating Several 85
- Clips Into a New Clip 85
- Session View 86
- 7.1 Session View Clips 87
- 7.2 Tracks and Scenes 88
- These Scenes Will 89
- Change the Tempo and 89
- Time Signature 89
- 7.3 The Track Status Fields 90
- 7.4.1 Select on Launch 91
- 7.4.3 Editing Scenes 92
- CHAPTER 7. SESSION VIEW 91 93
- The Stop All Clips 94
- Clip View 95
- CHAPTER 8. CLIP VIEW 94 96
- The Clip View for an 97
- Audio Clip 97
- CHAPTER 8. CLIP VIEW 96 98
- 8.1 The Clip Box 99
- 8.1.3 Clip Signature 100
- 8.1.4 Clip Groove Chooser 100
- 8.1.5 Clip Offset and Nudging 101
- 8.2 The Sample Box 102
- The Clip Zoom/Scroll 103
- The Clip Overview 103
- CHAPTER 8. CLIP VIEW 102 104
- The Clip Scrub Area 105
- The Clip Loop Controls 106
- Setting the Clip to Run 107
- Into a Loop 107
- 8.2.3 Clip Pitch and Gain 108
- The Save Default Clip 109
- The High Quality Switch 109
- The Clip Fade Switch 110
- Automatically Create 110
- Short Fades At Clip 110
- 8.2.8 Clip RAM Mode 111
- 8.2.9 Reversing Samples 111
- 8.2.10 Cropping Audio Clips 112
- 8.3 The Notes Box 113
- 8.3.2 Bank and Program Change 114
- 8.3.3 MIDI Loop/Region 114
- Tempo Control and Warping 115
- 9.1.2 Tapping the Tempo 116
- 9.1.3 Nudging the Tempo 116
- 9.2 Time-Warping Samples 117
- 9.2.1 Tempo Master/Slave 118
- 9.2.2 Warp Markers 118
- Double-Clicking In the 119
- Sample Creates a Warp 119
- The Follow Switch in the 119
- Control Bar 119
- Transient Markers 120
- 9.2.3 Using Warp Markers 121
- Setting the Warp 122
- Markers for a Poorly Cut 122
- Using Warp Markers to 123
- Manipulate the Groove 123
- Auto-Warp's Results in 124
- The Metronome Switch 124
- Using the Context Menu 125
- 9.2.4 Quantizing Audio 127
- 9.3.1 Beats Mode 128
- 9.3.2 Tones Mode 129
- 9.3.3 Texture Mode 129
- 9.3.4 Re-Pitch Mode 129
- Chapter 10 130
- 10.2 The MIDI Editor 131
- Previewing MIDI Notes 132
- Note Scale Position Is 132
- Shown Vertically and 132
- Beat-Time Horizontally 132
- MIDI Editor Navigation 133
- 10.4 Editing MIDI 135
- 10.4.3 Grid Snapping 136
- 10.4.4 Editing Notes 136
- 10.4.5 Changing Note Length 138
- 10.4.7 Quantizing Notes 139
- 10.4.8 Editing Velocities 140
- Drawing Identical 141
- Velocities (Left) and a 141
- Crescendo (Right) 141
- 10.4.9 MIDI Note Stretch 142
- 10.4.10 Cropping MIDI Clips 143
- 10.4.11 Deactivating Notes 143
- Using Grooves 144
- 11.1 Groove Pool 145
- The Groove Pool 146
- 11.2 Editing Grooves 147
- 11.3 Groove Tips 148
- CHAPTER 11. USING GROOVES 147 149
- Launching Clips 150
- 12.2 Launch Modes 151
- 12.3 Clip Launch Quantization 152
- 12.4 Velocity 152
- 12.5 Legato Mode 153
- 12.6 Follow Actions 153
- The Follow Action 154
- Controls 154
- 12.6.2 Creating Cycles 156
- Routing and I/O 159
- 13.1 Monitoring 160
- 13.2 Exter nal Audio In/Out 161
- 13.3 Exter nal MIDI In/Out 162
- The MIDI Ports List in 163
- Activating the Computer 163
- MIDI Keyboard 163
- 13.3.4 MIDI In/Out Indicators 164
- 13.4 ReWire Slave Routing 165
- 13.5 Resampling 166
- 13.6 Inter nal Routings 167
- Tap Points for Track 168
- Routing 168
- Tap Points for Every 169
- Chain in a Track 169
- An Example Setup for 170
- Post-Effects Recording 170
- Recording the Output of 171
- Audio Tracks 171
- Submixing the Individual 172
- Drums of a Drum Kit 172
- Submixing by setting a 172
- Sends Only 172
- Feeding an Additional 173
- MIDI Track Into an 173
- Existing MIDI Track to 173
- Reuse its Instrument 173
- The Instrument Has 174
- Been Isolated in a 174
- Dedicated Track 174
- Using Impulse's 175
- Individual Outs to 175
- Separately Process 175
- Sample Slots 175
- Tracks Feeding MIDI to 176
- From the Parts of a 176
- Multi-Timbral 176
- Instrument 176
- Routing a Speech Signal 177
- Into a Vocoder's 177
- Sidechain Input 177
- Using an Auxiliary MIDI 178
- Track to Layer 178
- Instruments 178
- Chapter 14 179
- The Session View Mixer 180
- The Mixer Section 180
- Selectors 180
- The Mixer Controls 181
- 14.1.1 Session Mixer Features 182
- 14.2 Audio and MIDI Tracks 183
- The Send Controls and 184
- Pre/Post Toggle 184
- The Crossfader and 185
- Selector 185
- Choose from Seven 186
- Crossfader Curves 186
- Crossfader Curve 186
- Properties 186
- Crossfade Assign 187
- Buttons 187
- 14.5 Soloing and Cueing 188
- 14.6 Track Delays 189
- CHAPTER 14. MIXING 188 190
- Recording New Clips 191
- 15.3 Recording 193
- Recording a New Clip 195
- Into the Session View 195
- 15.3.4 MIDI Step Recording 197
- 15.4 Recording in Sync 198
- 15.6 Recording with Count-in 199
- 15.7 Setting up File Types 200
- The Scene Up/Down 201
- A Track Launch Button 201
- The Step Recording 201
- Working with Instruments and 202
- Devices in the Track 203
- Devices Can Be Folded 203
- 16.1 Using the Live Devices 204
- MIDI and Audio Track 205
- Arm Buttons 205
- A MIDI Track's Device 206
- Chain Can Contain All 206
- Three Device Types 206
- Device Activator 206
- Switches 206
- 16.1.1 Live Device Presets 207
- Presets in the Device 208
- Browser 208
- The Hot-Swap Presets 208
- The Save Preset Button 209
- The Default Presets 209
- 16.2 Using Plug-Ins 210
- The Plug-In Device 211
- A VST Plug-In in the 212
- Track View 212
- The Plug-In Unfold 212
- The Plug-In Edit Button 213
- The Congure Button 214
- 16.3 VST Plug-Ins 216
- Setting up VST Plug-In 217
- Sources for Mac OS X 217
- 16.3.2 VST Programs and Banks 218
- 16.4 Audio Units Plug-Ins 219
- Activating Audio Units 220
- Plug-Ins 220
- Opening an Audio Units 220
- Plug-In Window 220
- Chapter 17 222
- 17.1 An Overview of Racks 223
- 17.2 Drum Racks 224
- 17.2.1 Pad View 225
- Chapter 18 227
- 18.2 Deleting Automation 228
- 18.3 Overriding Automation 228
- Automation Envelopes 229
- 18.4.1 Drawing Envelopes 230
- 18.4.2 Editing Breakpoints 231
- 18.4.3 Locking Envelopes 232
- 18.4.4 Edit Menu Commands 232
- The Tempo Envelope 233
- Clip Envelopes 234
- The Clip View's 235
- Envelopes Box 235
- 19.2 Audio Clip Envelopes 236
- The Transposition 237
- Envelope with Steps 237
- (Top) and Ramps 237
- (Bottom) 237
- 19.2.4 Scrambling Beats 238
- Repeating Steps and 239
- Slowing Time with the 239
- Sample Offset Envelope 239
- 19.3.2 Modulating Pan 241
- A MIDI Controller Clip 242
- Envelope 242
- Using a Clip Envelope to 243
- Create a Fade-Out Over 243
- Several Repetitions of a 243
- The Sample (Left) and 244
- Envelope (Right) Start 244
- 19.5.4 Clip Envelopes as LFOs 245
- Live Audio Effect Reference 246
- 20.2 Auto Pan 248
- 20.3 Beat Repeat 249
- ask for them. If Chance 250
- time; if 250
- 20.4 Chorus 251
- 20.5 Compressor 252
- 20.5.1 Sidechain Parameters 255
- 20.5.2 Compression Tips 256
- 20.6 Dynamic Tube 258
- 20.7 EQ Eight 259
- 20.8 EQ Three 261
- 20.9 Erosion 262
- 20.10 Filter Delay 263
- 20.11 Flanger 264
- 20.12 Gate 265
- 20.13 Grain Delay 267
- 20.14 Phaser 268
- 20.15 Ping Pong Delay 270
- 20.16 Redux 271
- 20.17 Resonators 272
- 20.18 Reverb 274
- 20.18.3 Global Settings 275
- 20.18.4 Diffusion Network 275
- 20.19 Saturator 276
- 20.20 Simple Delay 278
- 20.21 Spectrum 280
- 20.22 Utility 281
- 20.23 Vinyl Distortion 282
- Live MIDI Effect Reference 284
- Pinky Up and Pinky 286
- UpDown 286
- Thumb Up and 286
- Thumb UpDown 286
- 21.2 Chord 288
- 21.3 Note Length 289
- 21.4 Pitch 290
- 21.5 Random 291
- 21.6 Scale 292
- 21.7 Velocity 293
- Live Instrument Reference 295
- 22.1 Impulse 296
- 22.1.3 Filter 297
- 22.1.4 Saturator and Envelope 298
- 22.1.5 Pan and Volume 298
- 22.1.6 Global Controls 298
- 22.1.7 Individual Outputs 298
- 22.2 Simpler 299
- 22.2.2 Sample Controls 300
- 22.2.3 Zoom 300
- 22.2.4 Envelope 301
- 22.2.5 Filter 301
- 22.2.6 LFO 301
- 22.2.7 Glide and Spread 302
- Max for Live 306
- The Path to the Max 307
- Installation 307
- A Max Device and its 308
- A Default Max Audio 308
- The Edit Button for a 309
- Max Device 309
- Effect in the Patcher 309
- 23.4 Max Dependencies 310
- MIDI and Key Remote Control 311
- 24.1 MIDI Remote Control 312
- Control Surfaces Can 314
- Follow Device Selection 314
- Getting Hands-On: 314
- Control Surfaces Can Be 314
- Locked to Devices 314
- Dening Control 315
- Surfaces Manually 315
- 24.1.3 Takeover Mode 316
- 24.2 The Mapping Browser 317
- 24.2.2 Mapping to MIDI Notes 318
- and Twos 320
- 065127 063001 320
- The Relative Session 321
- Mapping Strip 321
- The Key Map Mode 322
- Using the APC40 324
- 25.2 Clip Launch Matrix 325
- Session View Clip and 326
- Navigation Controls 326
- 25.3 Session Overview 327
- 25.4 Mixer Section 328
- 25.5 Device Control 329
- Transport and Global 330
- 25.7 Track Control 331
- 25.8 Tempo Control 332
- 25.9 Crossfader 333
- 25.11 Combination Mode 334
- Using the APC20 335
- 26.2 Clip Launch Matrix 336
- 26.3 Session Overview 338
- 26.5 Mixer 339
- Mixer Controls 340
- 26.6 Note Mode 341
- 26.7 Combination Mode 341
- Using the Launchpad 343
- 27.3 Session Mode 344
- 27.3.1 Launching Clips 345
- 27.3.2 Session Overview 346
- 27.4 User Modes 347
- Setting Up The 348
- Launchpad For Custom 348
- Assignments 348
- 27.5 Mixer Mode 349
- 27.5.1 Mixer Overview 350
- 27.5.2 The Volume Page 351
- 27.5.3 The Pan Page 352
- 27.5.4 The Send Pages 353
- Synchronization and ReWire 354
- Choosing a MIDI Slave 355
- Setting up Live as a MIDI 355
- 28.1.3 MIDI Timecode Options 356
- 28.1.4 Sync Delay 356
- 28.2 Connecting via ReWire 357
- 28.2.3 More on ReWire 359
- Computer Audio Resources and 360
- Strategies 360
- The CPU Load Meter 361
- 29.1.3 Track Freeze 362
- A Frozen Arrangement 363
- Track with a Reverb Tail 363
- 29.2 Managing the Disk Load 364
- Audio Fact Sheet 365
- 30.2 Neutral Operations 366
- 30.2.7 Freeze, Flatten 369
- 30.2.8 Bypassed Effects 370
- 30.2.9 Routing 370
- 30.2.10 Splitting Clips 370
- 30.3 Non-Neutral Operations 371
- 30.3.2 Volume Automation 372
- 30.3.3 Dithering 372
- 30.3.6 Consolidate 373
- 30.3.7 Clip fades 373
- 30.3.8 Panning 373
- 30.3.9 Grooves 374
- 30.5 Summary and Conclusions 375
- MIDI Fact Sheet 376
- 31.2 MIDI Timing Problems 377
- 31.5 Tests and Results 380
- MIDI Output Test 381
- Conguration 381
- Selecting the MIDI Port 382
- Type (Windows) 382
- 31.7 Summary and Conclusions 383
- Live Keyboard Shortcuts 384
- 32.2 Accessing Menus 385
- 32.3 Adjusting Values 385
- 32.4 Browsing 386
- 32.5 Transport 386
- 32.6 Editing 387
- 32.8 Session View Commands 388
- 32.10 Commands for Tracks 389
- Keyboard 390
- 32.15 Clip View MIDI Editor 392
- 32.17 Global Quantization 393
- 32.20 Using the Context Menu 394
- Chapter 33 395
- INDEX 397 399
- INDEX 398 400
- INDEX 399 401
- INDEX 400 402
- INDEX 401 403
- INDEX 402 404
- INDEX 403 405
- INDEX 404 406
- INDEX 405 407
- INDEX 406 408
- INDEX 407 409
- INDEX 408 410
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